Embodied carbon of concrete in buildings, Part 2: are the messages accurate?

the effect of taftan pozzolan on the compressive strength of concrete in the environmental conditions of oman sea (chabahar port)

cement is an essential ingredient in the concrete buildings. for production of cement considerable amount of fossil fuel and electrical energy is consumed. on the other hand for generating one tone of portland cement, nearly one ton of carbon dioxide is released. it shows that 7 percent of the total released carbon dioxide in the world relates to the cement industry. considering ecological issu...

Measuring the Embodied Carbon Content of Concrete Paving

This paper summarises the outcomes of a PhD research project by Richardson (2009) to measure the embodied carbon content of concrete paving and to reveal the barriers to its accurate measurement. This is a current area of research due to the concerns arising from the anthropogenic emission of carbon dioxide which has been identified as a key cause of climate change. The work was carried out in ...

Estimation and Minimization of Embodied Carbon of Buildings: A Review

Building and construction is responsible for up to 30% of annual global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, commonly reported in carbon equivalent unit. Carbon emissions are incurred in all stages of a building’s life cycle and are generally categorised into operating carbon and embodied carbon, each making varying contributions to the life cycle carbon depending on the building’s characteristics. ...

Licensing IP embodied in standards, Part 2

Failure to disclose patents According to ANSI, only certain, limited sanctions are appropriate when a patent owner fails correctly to identify and disclose patent rights embodied into a standard until after the standard has been adopted. (This is the pattern of conduct that led to the US Federal Trade Commission’s 1995 case against Dell Computer after the 1992 development and adoption of the VE...

Reflections on Concrete Buildings*